Bronchitis is an infection of the lungs. When the main airways or bronchial tubes become inflamed due to an infection, the inner lining swells and produce extra mucus, triggering coughs as the body attempts to clear the passageways.
Most cases of bronchitis come after a viral illness, like the flu, and clear up on their own after a few weeks. Some cases are more unique or are recurring, which require a different course of treatment.
Bronchitis is most often caused by a viral illness, such as the common cold. On rare occasions, it can be caused by bacterial infections or by lung irritants such as chemical fumes or smoking. The symptoms may include:
Chest discomfort – You may feel pressure in your chest in general or in certain points as your body works to clear the mucus.
Cough – The cough can range in frequency and severity. Most likely the cough will also bring up green, yellow, clear or white mucus.
Shortness of breath – This is caused by the narrowing of the airways and feeling of tightness in your chest. Bronchitis can even cause a wheezing as you breathe.
Fatigue – As your body works to fight off the infection, you may feel extremely tired at different points in the day.
Nasal Congestion – Your nasal passages may be similarly inflamed or irritated as your lungs, which results in a runny nose.
Sore throat – Because of frequent coughing and mucus, the throat can become irritated as well.
Low fever and chills – A fever is your body’s natural response to an infection as it activates the immune system. However, high and prolonged fever requires immediate medical attention.
Bronchitis is contagious if caused by a viral illnesses or bacterial infection. Since the vast majority of cases are contagious, it is important to take necessary precautions from getting other sick. If the bronchitis is caused by environmental factors and not an infection, then the bronchitis is not contagious.
Bronchitis can be diagnosed by your physician or any general practitioner based on a physical exam and hearing your symptoms. Most likely, they will focus on your cough asking:
How long have you had your cough?
Does it generate any mucus?
What color is the mucus?
During the physical exam, the doctor will listen to your lungs to hear for any blocked or narrowed passageways, which can produce a wheezing or whistling sound when you breathe. Since bronchitis can result in shortness of breath and tightness in your chest, it may be important for your doctor to check for any other serious conditions. These tests include:
A chest x-ray – This will help identify if there is any fluid build-up in your lungs, which is an indication of pneumonia, or if your symptoms are caused by any other lung diseases, like tuberculosis.
Lung function test – The doctor will provide you a spirometer, which is a device to test for asthma or emphysema. You simply blow as much air as you can into the device for as long as possible and it compare your lung capacity to average healthy individuals for your age, height, and gender group.
Sensor test for oxygen levels in your blood – The sensor goes onto your toe or finger and quickly reads out the oxygen levels in your blood.
Mucus tests – This test can rule out if you may have whooping cough instead of bronchitis, also known as pertussis.
Blood tests – This will catch any other potential causes.
Sleep a lot – Rest allows the body to recuperate and ensure minimal exposure to irritants in the air. It is arguably the best home remedy for bronchitis.
Stay hydrated – Some doctors recommend as many as 12 glasses of water a day to help keep your immune system working and thin out the mucus.
Take hot showers –The steam can help loosen the mucus and clear the lungs. You can also use a humidifier.
Avoid dairy products – Dairy products can make mucus thicker. Contrary to popular belief, it does not make you produce more mucus.
Gargle warm saltwater – If you have a sore throat, gargling with warm salt water can help relieve pain associated with an inflamed throat. A recommended amount is 1/4 -1/2 teaspoon of salt for an 8-ounce glass of warm water.
Drink ginger, lemon, or licorice tea with honey – Ginger, lemon, and honey have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. There is some documented evidence to support that lemon can help reduce inflammation and improving blood vessel function. While not a cure-all, some studies have shown honey can treat infections and act as cough suppression. Similarly, licorice has some research to suggest it can decrease swelling, coughing, or mucus secretions.
Take oregano oil – Surprisingly, the same oregano oil to spice delicious meals can be helpful as a medicine. Taking a few drops by the mouth can be helpful with your cough.
Breathe in steam with eucalyptus oil – Eucalyptus oil can help loosen phlegm. You can add drops of the oil to boiling water and breathe in the steam. Note – Do not ingest unless recommended by your doctor and never give or apply to the skin of a child younger than 2 as it is toxic.
While bronchitis is not completely preventable, there are some ways that lower the chances of contracting the disease:
Get an annual flu and pneumonia vaccine – Both of these vaccines can reduce the risk of contracting a viral infection, which is the most common cause of bronchitis. Since bronchitis caused by viral illnesses is also contagious, this prevents those around you from contracting it as well.
Wash your hands frequently – This reduces your exposure to contagious viruses or bacteria, especially during the flu season.
Avoid environmental irritants, such as cigarette smoke or chemical fumes – Wearing a mask can help protect your lungs and avoid particles that might induce bronchitis.
Should any of these symptoms continue or worsen make an appointment with your primary care physician or see an urgent care immediately. BOOK YOUR APPOINTMENT TODAY